Ramzi Yousef

The foiled terrorist plot to blow up as many as 10 U.S. airplanes departing the UK using liquid explosives bears striking resemblance to "Operation Bojinka," the failed al-Qaida-financed attack on airliners in 1995 that became a precursor to 9-11, counterterrorism analysts say.

Operation Bojinka – a plot to bomb more than a dozen airliners over the Pacific Ocean simultaneously – was developed in Manila by Ramzi Yousef, a planner of the 1993 World Trade Center attack, and 9-11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, according to Philippines authorities.

The key to the Bojinka plot was the use of liquid chemical bombs and wristwatch timers that could elude airport security.

In the foiled UK scheme, U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff said today the terrorists planned to use liquid explosives disguised as beverages and other common products and set them off with detonators disguised as electronic devices.

Security has been raised to the highest level in Britain and the United States in the wake of the UK's announcement it had thwarted a plot that, according to U.S. counterterrorism officials, targeted United, American and Continental airlines. British police arrested 21 people, saying they were confident they captured the main suspects.

Counterterrorism analyst Evan Kohlmann, writing in the Counterterrorism Blog, notes one of the detained men in the Bojinka plot, trained commercial pilot Abdel Hakim Murad, described Yousef's plans in detail: "The purpose was to train those Muslim brothers thereat, on using a Casio watch as a timing device, chemical mixtures to compound bombs, and to share his expertise in eluding detection on an airport's x-ray machine, and eventually smuggling [onboard] this liquid chemical bombs."

Murad said "these Egyptians and Algerians ha[ve] no experience on making these bombs and [do] not know the basics of smuggling liquid bombs through the airport."

Eleven years later, Kohlman comments, "we once again return to the same threat to commercial aviation posed by liquid explosives."

"Only now, it would appear that the fabrication of such high-tech terrorist weapons by al-Qaida operatives inside Western Europe is no longer an insurmountable challenge."

National Review writer Andy McCarthy, writing in The Corner weblog, also sees the striking similarities between Bojinka and the newly revealed plot, pointing out that in its final report, the 9-11 Commission said Yousef and Mohammed in 1994 "acquired chemicals and other materials necessary to construct bombs and timers."

The report said the two terrorists also "cased target flights to Hong Kong and Seoul that would have onward legs to the United States."

During the fall of 1994, the 9-11 report said, "Yousef returned to Manila and successfully tested the digital watch timer he had invented, bombing a movie theater and a Philippine Airlines flight en route to Tokyo."

"The plot unraveled after the Philippine authorities discovered Yousef's bomb-making operation in Manila; but by that time, [Mohammed] was safely back at his government job in Qatar. Yousef attempted to follow through on the cargo carriers plan, but he was arrested in Islamabad by Pakistani authorities on February 7, 1995, after an accomplice turned him in."

Tamar Tesler, another analyst for Counterterrorism Blog, recalled being on a flight from Bangkok in 1995 that was turned back to the terminal as a result of the Bojinka plot. The procedures used by authorities at that time resemble the precautions employed today which are contributing to massive delays at airports worldwide.

In the 1995 incident, Tesler said, the security personnel "took us into a room where they told us to empty our carry-ons and confiscated all liquids. Growing mountains of contact lens solution, shaving cream, hand lotion, perfume, toothpaste, shampoo and deodorant filled the room. Some passengers were strip searched behind screens and individuals traveling with babies were made to taste the baby formula before letting them move on."

Huge backups at airports are being reported today as officials searching for explosives prohibit nearly every form of liquid, with the exception of baby formula.

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